JOURNAL OF MODERN SLAVERY
A Multidisciplinary Exploration of Human Trafficking Solutions
Volume 6, Issue 1 2021
JOURNAL OF MODERN SLAVERY
ARTICLE TWO
Piloting a method for the aggregation and visualisation of audit data to enhance forced labour risk identification
Zoë Fortune
Director of research projects with a special interest in the fields of modern slavery and mental health
Silvia Mera
Director for programs combating child and forced labour
Paul Ling
Tech architect for The Mekong Club working in the field of social compliance
Abstract
Ethical auditing is one key way that companies assess compliance with labour standards and identify issues relating to forced labour. Essential information on working conditions is collected each year across thousands of factories, yet data remains proprietary, is not harmonised in format or content, and is under-utilised with costs often passed on to workers. This can lead to an underestimation of the risk of forced labour in supply chains. To overcome such challenges, the authors piloted a unique method for the collection, aggregation, analysis and visualisation of social audit data from disparate, pre-existing but hitherto under-utilised resources. Data from 2,946 audits across six Asian countries was aggregated to pilot an online interactive risk screening tool. This paper describes methods used by the team and provides an overview of the online tool. Implications for improving social compliance auditing, risk identification, data classification and aggregation are discussed.
ARTICLE ONE
“Boys Are Like Gold”: The Gendered Differences in Sexual Violence Against Street-Involved Children in Southwest Cambodia
Jarrett Davis
Social Researcher and Consultant, up! International
Glenn Miles
Senior Researcher and Consultant, up! International
Maggie Eno
Director and co-founder, M’lop Tapang
Andrew G. Rowland
Consultant in Children’s Emergency Medicine and
Honorary Professor at the University of Salford
Abstract
This paper explores findings from interviews with 130 children (55 girls and 75 boys) living or working on the streets and beaches in Sihanoukville, Cambodia and discusses their vulnerabilities to sexual exploitation and other forms of violence. The paper finds that while both genders indicate significant vulnerability to various forms of violence and exploitation, boys indicate experiencing higher rates of sexual violence and seem to be afforded greater independence and less supervision and protection by parents and guardians. In addressing these issues, this paper aims to add nuance to discussions on the vulnerabilities of street-involved males in Southeast Asia.
COVID-19 SUPPLEMENTAL ISSUE
ABSTRACTS
Volume 5, Issue 2 2020
Forward to the COVID-19 Supplemental Issue
Dr. Helen McCabe
COVID-19’s Impact on Anti-Trafficking Efforts: What do we know?
Idel Hanley, Jean-Pierre Gauci
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Identification of Victims of Trafficking and Their Access to Support Services in Australia
Dr. Nerida Chazal, Ms Kyla Raby
Critiquing America’s Response to Human Trafficking: Race, Gender, and Colonialism Narratives in a COVID-19 Context
Lucy Mahaffey
Fluid Vulnerabilities: Narratives of Modern Slavery in India during Lockdown
Dr. George Byrne, Professor Tamsin Bradley, Elizabeth Khumallambam, Dr. Sutirtha Sahariah
Ready Made Garment (RMG) Study: Bangladesh and India
Christopher Hansen, Jafar Iqbal, Maansi Parpiani, Michelle Davis, Ridhi Sahai, Vaiddehi Bansal, Mithila Iyer, Kareem Kysia
Overseas Labor Recruitment (OLR) Study – Bangladesh
Ridhi Sahai, Vaiddehi Bansal, Muhammad Jalal Uddin Sikder, Kareem Kysia
Underlying conditions: The Commodification of Migrant Workers Under COVID-19
Maayan Niezna, Dr. Yahel Kurlander, Hila Shamir
The Finance of Sex Trafficking and Impact of COVID-19
Phoebe Ewen
Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE) Study – India
Erika Keaveney, Mithila Iyer, Xiran Liu, Kareem Kysia
Pivoting technology: understanding working conditions in the time of COVID-19
Hannah Thinyane, Michael Gallo
Australia’s Modern Slavery Act and COVID-19: a get out of jail free card?
Fiona McGaughey
Services and Safety for Survivors of Human Trafficking: A Social Service Agency Statewide Survey on the Impact of COVID-19
Kimberly A. Hogan
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on survivors of human trafficking in the Philippines
Laura Cordisco Tsai, PhD, and Jonna Eleccion
COVID-19 and Child Criminal Exploitation: Implications of the Pandemic for County Lines
Ben Brewster, Grace Robinson
Assessing the impact of ad-hoc migratory and asylum regulations on the vulnerability to human trafficking and forced labour in Spain, Germany, and Italy: identifying good practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
Dr. Ana B. Valverde-Cano, Juan J. Ruiz-Ramos, Paola Cavanna
The Impact of COVID-19 on Survivors of Modern Slavery in Kenya
Emily Brady, Dr. Helen McCabe, Sophie Otiende, Aisha Ali Haji, Rehema Maya, Yasmin Manji, Ruth Sorby
JOURNAL of MODERN SLAVERY
Volume 5, Issue 1, 2020
Sentinel Surveillance and Centring Prevention in Anti-Trafficking Policy and Response
Michael Gallo, Hannah Thinyane
“I demand justice. I hold them all responsible”: Advancing the Enforcement of Anti-slavery Legislation in Mauritania
Rosana Garciandia, Maeve Ryan, Philippa Webb
Can Tech Tame the Outlaw Ocean? A Book Review of The Outlaw Ocean: Crime and Survival in the Last Untamed Frontier (Author: Ian Urbina) and Film Review of Ghost Fleet (directed by Shannon Service and Jeffrey Waldron)
Bama Athreya, PhD
PAST JOURNAL ISSUES
JOURNAL of MODERN SLAVERY
Special Article
Fixing the Disjuncture, Inverting the Drift: Decolonizing Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery
Dr. Runa Lazzarino
JOURNAL of MODERN SLAVERY
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2018
Forward to Research Unchained: Multidisciplinary Future of Antislavery Studies
Dr. Jean Allain and Dr. Kevin Bales
Introduction by the editors of the Antislavery Usable Past Postgraduate Research Network Special Issue
Katarina Schwarz, Hannah Jeffery, and Rebecca Nelson, PhD candidates
Approaching Contemporary Slavery Through an Historic Lens: an Interdisciplinary Perspective
Rebecca Nelson and Alicia Kidd, PhD candidates
Securing the Prohibition of Labour Exploitation in Law and Practice: Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking in Italy, Spain and the UK
Dr. Paola Cavanna, Ana Belén Valverde Cano, PhD candidate, and Amy Weatherburn, PhD candidate
Strategic Litigation as a Tool to Combat Modern Slavery
James Sinclair, PhD candidate
Irregular Victims: Investigating the Immigration Status Decisions of Post-NRM Victims of Human Trafficking, the Availability of Eligible Benefits and the Related Impact on Victims of Trafficking
Alexandra Williams-Woods and Yvonne Mellon, PhD candidates
Reasserting Agency: Procedural Justice, Victim-Centricity, and the Right to Remedy for Survivors of Slavery and Related Exploitation
Katarina Schwarz and Jing Geng, PhD candidates
“A Colossal Work of Art”: Antislavery Methods of Visual Protest From 1845 to Today
Hannah Jeffery, PhD candidate, and Dr. Hannah-Rose Murray
‘They don’t play or run or shout…They’re slaves’: The First Survey of Children’s Literature on Modern Slavery
Charlotte James, PhD candidate
Analysing Slavery through Satellite Technology: How Remote Sensing Could Revolutionise Data Collection to Help End Modern Slavery
Bethany Jackson, PhD student, Dr. Kevin Bales, Dr. Sarah Owen, Dr. Jessica Wardlaw, and Dr. Doreen S. Boyd
Collaborating to Identify, Recover and Support Victims of Modern Slavery
Ben Brewster, PhD candidate
JOURNAL of MODERN SLAVERY
Volume 4, Issue 1, Summer 2018
The Developments of Trafficking in Women in Post-Revolution Tunisia
by Racha Haffar
Understanding Child Trafficking within Ghana: Stakeholders’ Perspective
Emma Seyram Hamenoo and Efua Esaaba Mantey Agyire-Tettey
An Economist’s Perspective of Kevin Bales’ “Blood and Earth: Modern Slavery, Ecocide, and the Secret to Saving the World”
Jennifer Bossard, Ph.D
Cultural Competence of Western Psychotherapists in Helping Sex Trade Survivors: An Initial Exploration
Daphne Catherine Spyropoulos, B.A.
Civil Society Organisations in Counter-Trafficking Governance: When Long-Standing Interactions Lead to Solid Partnerships
Chloé Brière, PhD, LLM
Julia Muraszkiewicz, PhD, LLM
Amy Weatherburn, LLB, LLM
SLAVERY TODAY JOURNAL
Volume 3, Issue 1, August 2016
Book Review: Collaborating Against Human Trafficking: Cross Sector Challenges and Practices (Author: Dr. Kirsten Foot)
Reviewed by Eve Aronson, M.A.
Book Review: Enslaved: The New British Slavery (Author: Rahila Gupta)
Reviewed by Amber L. Hulsey, A.B.D. and David L. Butler, Ph.D.
Learning From Incidents to Improve Services: Kenyan Victims’ Reaction to a Migrant Labour Scam in Thailand
Oscar Mmbali, B DIV
Prosecuting Human Trafficking – Progress in the UK
Kate Garbers
The Relationship Between Human Rights Violations and Human Trafficking
Julia Muraszkiewicz, LLM
Listening to Local and Foreign Sex Buyers of Men and Women in Cambodia
Samantha Sommer Miller, MAICS, Glenn Miles, PhD, and James Havey
Measuring Government Responses to Modern Slavery: Vietnam Case Study
Bodean Hedwards, PhD candidate, and Katherine Bryant, M.A.
Thinking Beyond the Escape: Evaluating the Reintegration of Child Soldiers in Uganda
Jillian LaBranche, M.A.
SLAVERY TODAY JOURNAL
Volume 2, Issue 2, December 2015
Partnership, The Fourth P, Enhances HT Service Efforts in Prevention, Protection and Prosecution Arenas
Thomas B. Hofmann, PhD and Yaroslaba Garcia, MA
Repressed Memories: Historical Perspectives on Trafficking and Anti-Trafficking
Eileen P. Scully, PhD
Criminal Legislation for Human Trafficking in the Republic of Moldova
Nicole Fiorentino, MA
A Model of Multi-Disciplinary Collaboration in Regional Anti-Slavery Efforts
Erica Baer, PhD, Refael Olivares, MA, Johnny McGaha, PhD and Tama Koss Caldarone, JD
Human Trafficking at the US-Mexico Border and the Role of the Commercial Sex Trade Client
Lori Celaya, PhD and Marta Boris-Tarré, PhD
A Quantitative Analysis of Commercial Sex Advertisements During Super Bowl XLVIII
Jesse Bach, PhD, Courtney Mintz, and Jennifer Dohy, MS
SLAVERY TODAY JOURNAL
Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2015
Trafficking in Human Beings as an Enterprise: Highlighting Key Questions About Data Shortage on the Business Side
Julia Muraszkiewicz, PhD and Dr. Hayley Watson
Rise, Unite, Support: Doing “No Harm” in the Anti-Trafficking Movement
Karen Countryman-Roswurm, LMSW, PhD
Toward Assessment of Child Survivors of Restavèk in Haiti: Development and Evaluation of a Locally Adapted Psychosocial Assessment Instrument
Cara L. Kennedy, PhD
Considering a Regional Approach to Combating Human Trafficking in the Caribbean: The ECOWAS Example
Jill St. George, LLB, LLM, PGDIP (BVC) and Tom Durbin, LLB, LLM, PGDIP (BVC)
SLAVERY TODAY JOURNAL
Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2014
A Theory of Human Trafficking Prevalence and Forecasting: Unlikely Marriage of the Human Security, Transnational Organized Crime, and Human Trafficking Literatures
Davina Durgana
Human Trafficking Specific Jury Instructions: Tools to Increase Prosecutions and Convictions
Alexander Esseesse and Emily Tocci
Human Trafficking Investigations, Implications of Apathy and Inaction, Recommended Solutions
David Hartless
Funding and Capacity Building Fuel Cooperation: A Case Study of Counter-Force Networks Fighting Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking in India
Rodney Green, MSc
Au Pair Scheme: Cultural Exchange or a Pathway to Slavery?
Tina Davis
Human Trafficking NGOs in Thailand: A Two-Site Case Study of the Children Served in Education Programs
Robert Spires, PhD
Economics of Child Mining Labor: Estimation of Corporation’s Profits
Roger-Claude Liwanga, LLM
Book Review: Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery, by Jesse Sage and Liora Kasten
Reviewed by Benjamin Thomas Greer
SLAVERY TODAY JOURNAL
Volume 1, Issue 1, February2014
Unlocking the Science of Slavery
Kevin Bales, PhD
Adopting an Anti-human Trafficking Law in the DR Congo: A Significant Step in the Process of Combating Trafficking
Roger-Claude Liwanga, J.D.
Who’s Watching the Watchdog?: Are the Names of Corporations Mandated to Disclose under the California Transparency in Supply Chain Act Subject to a Public Records Request?
Benjamin Thomas Greer, J.D.
A Truly Free State in the Congo: Slavery and Abolition in Global Historical Perspective
John Donoghue
Slavery Beyond History: Contemporary Concepts of Slavery and Slave Redemption in Ganta (Gamo) of Southern Ethiopia
Bosha Bombe, B.A. in History; M.A. in Social Anthropology
Ending Slavery
Aidan McQuade, PhD